Unraveling the History of Music Theory

Since Man has been around Music has been played in one form or another. But it took thousands of years for music to be actually written down.

This is because no one had the neccesary skills to write the music and also the materials for writing were not available.

So the History of Music Theory doesn't really begin until the 900's when music was written down for the first time.

The earliest composers at that time usually worked for the church, as only the church could afford to buy the materials neccesary to write down the music.

As you can see from the picture all the notes (the square symbols) look pretty much the same and so only the pitch (how high or low the note is) is shown.

A few hundred years would go by until more information was shown on the page and much of the standardizing of music theory was down to one man: Pope Gregory I

Now the written music showed the pitch and the rhythm.

During the Renaissance Period (1450-1600) (renaissance means rebirth, a turning away from God towards Man) most of the music was written for singing and songs began to be sung about non- religious themes.

Also the invention of the printing press allowed music to be printed quickly and spread far and wide.

The Baroque Period (baroque means highly decorated, fancy) was from 1600-1750 and saw music become more and more complex.

Here is a piece by the Baroque Composer Corelli:



You'll notice that we now have Italian words appearing above the music.They are used to indicate how fast the piece should be played. (Adagio means to play slowly) Click here for a list of Italian musical terms.

The Classical Period was from 1750-1827 and included the great composers Mozart and Beethoven. Not much has changed in the writing down of music at this point but more and more words are written into the music to describe how to play the piece.

One interesting sideline to these two composers is the way they compsed their music;

Mozart heard the complete musical piece in his head and wrote it down exactly as he heard it, never needing to make corrections.

Whereas Beethoven was constantly changing the notes in his compositions and so his original hand written music often looks untidy.



The Romantic Period which ran from 1820-1900 was a time of great passion and revolution and the music of the time followed this trend with composers such as Brahms, Liszt, Schumann, Schubert, Tchaikovsky, Chopin .

They wrote music from the heart and gave the performer more and more written directions on how the music should be played and also wrote music which pushed the boundaries of the player's techniques.

The 20th Century bought a whole new world of music into being. Composers began to move away from the rigid traditions of the past and to stretch the boundaries of music itself.

And they way music was written down also broke away from previous traditions. With the new composers creating new rules as they went along.